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Remote sensing and geographical information systems
The collection of data about the spatial distribution of the significant features of the
earth's surface has long been an important part of the activities of organized
societies. From the earliest civilizations to modern times, spatial data have been
collected by navigators, geographers and surveyors, and rendered into pictorial
form by map makers or cartographers. Originally, maps were used to describe faroff
places, as an aid for navigation and military strategies (Hodgkiss 1961). During
the eighteenth century, many governments realised the advantages of systematic
mapping of their lands, and commissioned national government institutions to prepare
topographical maps. These institutions are still continuing the mapping work. Many
of the developing countries are making all attempts to obtain the status of a developed
country. These attempts are based on certain strategies relating to areas like natural
resources management and development, information technology, tourism
development, infrastructure development, rural development, environmental
management, facility management, and e-governance. In order to make an effective
study of these thrust and emerging fields, new and innovative technologies have
been developed.
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