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Excise taxation and the origins of public debt
Nearly a century after Joseph Schumpeter’s classic essay on ‘The Crisis
of the Tax State’ and almost twenty-five years after Douglass C. North
and Barry Weingast’s seminal ‘Constitutions and Commitment’
article which set out what is now known as the ‘credible commitment’
thesis, historians and economists alike remain divided over
the extent to which the ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688/89 marked a
watershed in the development of Britain’s fiscal system. For North
and Weingast, the establishment of parliamentary supremacy over
crown finance, limitations on executive power in favour of private
property rights, and the rise of an independent judiciary furnished
the institutional capabilities needed to reassure public creditors. With
their accession, William and Mary thus gave birth to modern British
public finance inspired by the example of the Dutch Republic. The
Financial Revolution and even the Industrial Revolution were soon
to follow. In Schumpeter’s account, the constitutional fracture of the
mid-century civil wars, regicide, and Interregnum provided the catalysis
for structural changes to the fiscal system that established the
modern tax state in Britain.
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