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International Economics Theory and Policy 10th edition
Years after the global financial crisis that broke out in 2007–2008, the industrial
world’s economies are still growing too slowly to restore full employment. Emerging
markets, despite impressive income gains in many cases, remain vulnerable to the ebb
and flow of global capital. And finally, an acute economic crisis in the euro area has
lasted since 2009, bringing the future of Europe’s common currency into question.
This tenth edition therefore comes out at a time when we are more aware than ever
before of how events in the global economy influence each country’s economic for-
tunes, policies, and political debates. The world that emerged from World War II was
one in which trade, financial, and even communication links between countries were
limited. More than a decade into the 21st century, however, the picture is very dif-
ferent. Globalization has arrived, big time. International trade in goods and services
has expanded steadily over the past six decades thanks to declines in shipping and
communication costs, globally negotiated reductions in government trade barriers,
the widespread outsourcing of production activities, and a greater awareness of for-
eign cultures and products. New and better communications technologies, notably
the Internet, have revolutionized the way people in all countries obtain and exchange
information. International trade in financial assets such as currencies, stocks, and
bonds has expanded at a much faster pace even than international product trade.
This process brings benefits for owners of wealth but also creates risks of contagious
financial instability. Those risks were realized during the recent global financial cri-
sis, which spread quickly across national borders and has played out at huge cost to
the world economy. Of all the changes on the international scene in recent decades,
however, perhaps the biggest one remains the emergence of China—a development
that is already redefining the international balance of economic and political power
in the coming century.
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